Most behavioral research is aimed at making "predictions" of relevant behavior that typically require the use of two types of variables, criterion (dependent variable) and predictor (independent or controlled variable).
1. Criterion - characterizes some types of behavior such as job performance, job satisfaction. absenteeism or heart rate.
2. Predictor - used in predicting the criterion, in some instances predictors are individual variables such as test scores, or measures of physical characteristics or measures of other personal characteristics; they are measures of situational characteristics such as size of the work group, method of training or noise level.
There are four basic types of measurement or scales and these are:
Nominal Scale - (categorical) is one that has two or more mutually exclusive classes or categories of the general type of variable in question. Individuals might be categorized according to highest degree. Variables can also vary in level.
Ordinal Scale - used to characterized the rank order.
Interval Scale - equal difference in the underlying variable.
Ratio Scale - the individual cases have numerical values that , as with the interval scale , represent equal differences in the variable being measured.
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